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Ahmed Subhy Mansour ((アラビア語:أحمد صبحي منصور)), born March 1, 1949, in Abu Harair, Kafr Saqr, Sharqia, Egypt is an Egyptian-born activist, whose website describes him as an Islamic scholar with expertise in Islamic history, culture, theology, and politics. He founded the small Egyptian ''Quranists'' sect that is neither Sunni nor Shia, was exiled from Egypt, and lives in the United States as a political refugee. Mansour was an advocate for democracy and human rights in Egypt for many years, during which time he was isolated by Islamic extremist clerics and persecuted by the government. He was arrested and served time in prison for his liberal political, religious, and social views. In May 1985, Mansour was discharged from his teaching and research position due to his liberal views, which were not acceptable to the religious authorities who controlled much of university policies and programs.〔 Mansour sought and was granted political asylum in the United States in 2002. He has served as a visiting fellow at the National Endowment for Democracy, and at the Human Rights Program at Harvard Law School.〔 Sheikh Mansour was fired from Al-Azhar University after expressing his hadith rejector views. One of Mansour's fellow Islamic scholars at Al Azhar University Sheik Jamal Tahir took up the same Quran alone stance. ==Biography== Mansoor received his junior middle school education in 1964, and ranked second in the Republic on the national exam. He graduated from Al-Azhar Secondary School, in Sharkeya, Egypt, in 1969, and ranked fourth in country on the national university entrance examination. He then studied Muslim History at the Al-Azhar University (a prestigious Sunni religious university) in Cairo, where he obtained a B.A. degree with Highest Honors in 1973, an M.A. degree with Honors in 1975, and a Ph.D. degree with Highest Honors in 1980. He founded a small Egyptian sect the ''Quranists'', who believe: the Quran is the sole source of Islam and its laws (they reject ''hadith'', or reported traditions of Muhammad), is comprehensive and completely sufficient in itself, was revealed to Mohamed to clarify all controversial and mysterious religious issues, was Mohamed’s only tradition and he was ordered to abide by it alone, and Islam is the religion of peace, mercy, justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.〔 Its fundamental principles put it squarely at odds with mainstream Islam, which unanimously holds the example of its Prophet to be a part of the religion. From 1973 till 1980 he was an Assistant Teacher and Lecturer and between 1980 and 1987 he was an Assistant Professor, both of Muslim History at the College of Arabic Language of the Al Azhar University.〔 In May 1985, Mansour was discharged from his teaching and research position in Egypt due to his liberal views, which were not acceptable to the religious authorities who controlled much of university policies and programs. Because of his unconventional scholarship, Al-Azhar University accused him of being an enemy of Islam. He was tried in its canonical court, and expelled March 17, 1987. In 1987, beginning with his arrest on November 17, and in 1988 he was imprisoned by the Egyptian government for his views, including his advocacy of religious harmony and tolerance between Egyptian Muslims, Christian Copts, and Jews. Between 1991 and 1992, he worked with Farag Foda to establish a new political party in Egypt, Mostakbal ("The Future Party"), dedicated to a secular democratic state, and to defend the Christian Egyptians. Foda was assassinated in June 1992.〔 From 1994 to 1996, he was a Member of the Board of Trustees of the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights, which worked to protect Egyptians from human rights offenses. In 1996, Mansour established a weekly conference at the Ibn Khaldoun Center – headed by Saad Eddin Ibrahim – in order to discuss Islamist dogma, religion-based terror, and other issues. It functioned until June 2000, when the Center was closed down by the Egyptian government and Ibrahim was arrested.〔 Mansour sought and was granted political asylum in the United States in 2002. From 28 September 2009 to 27 September 2010, Mansour served as a Fellow at The US Commission on International Religious Freedom.〔http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=sf.profile&person_id=632566〕 From 7 September 2010 to May 2011, Mansour served as fellow at The Woodrow Wilson Center.〔http://www.uscirf.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3532:2009-2010-crapa-fellows-dr-ahmed-subhy-mansour&catid=33〕 On 13 April 2011, Mansour served as a witness at the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Subcommittee on Terrorism, HUMINT, Analysis, and Counterintelligence,where he presented his expert opinion on the Muslim Brotherhood and the Salafi groups in Egypt and the Muslim World. (Website: http://intelligence.house.gov/sites/intelligence.house.gov/files/documents/SFR20110413Mansour.pdf) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ahmed Subhy Mansour」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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